Peace Six Hundred Miles Away free essay sample

I am on a plane. I don’t know where I am going or who the people around me are. In confusion, I look around and try to comprehend to what is going on. As I look, I am attracted to the oceans glorious blue color that I spot through a passenger’s window. While looking out this window I hear a familiar voice echo and continuously get louder and louder. â€Å"Sergio get up! Sergio get up! Sergio get up!† It is my sister, and she had just woke me up from my pleasant dream. Normally, I would have told her to leave me alone and to get out of my room, but this was a special exception. Today was the day we were flying out of state to go visit my oldest sister in time for Thanksgiving. It was five a.m., and we had a scheduled flight three hours from now. So, after getting up from bed, I took a quick shower. I followed this shower by eating a delicious bowl of my favorite cereal, Honey Bunches of Oats. Then, after giving my dog and cat a big hug, I helped put the luggage in the car. The next thing I remembered was me waking up on our arrival to the airport terminals. After a tedious two hours spent checking in and waiting, I finally heard our planes number ready to descend. This was not my first time on a plane so once onboard; I put my seatbelt on, placed my seat further back, hugged my pillow and tried to get some rest. After a very short flight, we had arrived to our destination. Immediately, I felt the change of environment when I stepped off the plane. The air across my body felt denser, the sun’s dominate blaze could not compensate for the chill I was feeling, and the faint smell of farm animals had me puzzled. I had officially arrived to Albuquerque, New Mexico. I was now six hundred miles away from home and on my way to my sister’s house. On this car ride I was exposed to more than just the agony of sitting down for another two hours. I was in a painting and I was seeing nature like I never had before. Splashes of yellow, brown, and orange were evident across the desserts we passed by. The same glorious blue color from the ocean in my dream consumed the sky. The clouds engulfed by a dark red color further illustrated the warm feeling I felt. I was enjoying the simplicity of everyday nature overwhelm my mind. The same way Henry Thoreau expresses in, Where I lived, and What I Lived For, I understand him when he proclaims he wants to â€Å"suck out all the marrow of life,† and how he points out that, â€Å"life is frittered away by detail† (Thoreau, 404). Thoreau draws the metaphor that although life is complicated we worry about unnecessary things at times, but that we can found ourselves more content in enjoying the sim ple things life has to offer. In my case, I was able to find tranquility and fascination through the different display of nature I was exposed to. However, my enlightening experience in this unfamiliar part of the world did not end here, but instead continued later that night when a brighter set of lights dawned on me. Upon arriving to my sister’s home, we all accompanied ourselves to the feast my sister had prepared for us. After much conversing and eating, my sister insisted we all spend the last of the night outside enjoying the warmth the fire pit provided. Sure enough, the fire from the pit soared and illuminated the backyard, but as this was going on I was intrigued by a different kind of light. Looking up at the midnight sky I saw something I had not seen before. What I saw were stars, hundreds of them scattered across the sky. Though I have seen stars before, I had not seen them in abundant numbers as I was now. Stars spread across the sky, like small lights shining on a stage. I starred at these stars and allowed my mind to embrace the infinite number of questions that emerged. Why are there so many stars? Why do they appear white? How far away are they? Why do so some stars appear to blink while others stay put? While I pondered on all of these questions interestingly enough, I fo und myself in a state of admiration and serenity. In Seeing by Annie Dillard, I relate to her when she says, â€Å"I reel in confusion; I don’t understand what I see. With the naked eye I can see two million light-years to the Andromeda galaxy† (Dillard, 121).The same perplexity that dwells Annie mind, was what I felt when I had seen the hundreds of stars above me. What I received from this experience was nature giving back through its most giving form, peace of mind and utter fascination. I find these experiences of nature to be one of the most profound encounters I have had with it. Having been in a different part of the world and been able to enjoy the luxury of nature in a different perspective was the best token I received on my trip to New Mexico. Through Annie Dillard and Henry Thoreau word’s, they remind us to feel privileged for being able to see the wonders that we see and to free our minds and enjoy the simple offerings nature offers. N. Scott Momaday depicts her journey in The Way to Rainy Mountain, as â€Å"a landscape that is incomparable, a time that is gone forever, and the human spirit, which endures† (Momaday, 2). Leaving this new state I too felt the same way Momaday felt on her journey. The landscapes I saw were one of a kind, the amount of time I spent admiring the stars was worth every second, and it was my mind that endured the bliss I found in nature. In the end, although nature and I are two separate entities, I now feel more con nected with it. With the glimpse of nature’s offering I experienced, I am now more than ever intrigued to explore what other wonders lay across this giant ball of nature we call Earth, and the wonders that lurk deeper within our galaxy.

TB in Healthcare Workers for Southern African-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTB in Healthcare Workers for Southern African Nations. Answer: Tuberculosis in health care workers There are two types TB infections; the latent TB which is asymptomatic, and, the active TB which presents a number of signs and symptoms (Cowan et al., 2012). The most common signs and symptoms of TB are fever, night sweats, coughing, production of phlegm, and loss of weight. Since the development of HIV/AIDS in sub Saharan Africa, there has been a sharp increase in the cases of TB. This is so especially for the southern African nations leading to a TB pandemic. In 2011, the world incidence rates of TB by the WHO was about 125/100,000, whereby the incidence rate in Africa was 262, 100000 of the general population. Moreover, the incidence rates of TB in South Africa was estimated to be 993/100,000 people (Rossouw et al., 2012). In fact, out of the 8.7 million cases of active TB, in the year 2011, South Africa recorded about 0.5 million TB cases. There are a number of risk factors that are linked to the development of TB. These factors can fall into various classes such as personal and environmental risks (Floyd et al., 2012). Personal risk factors include malnutrition, smoking habits, diabetes, cancer and genetic predisposition among many more. The environmental factors include poor ventilation, getting into contact with contaminated sputum, and high levels of airborne bacteria (Mokhtar Rahman, 2017). It is commonly argued that there are some communities which are highly vulnerable to contacting TB such as the HIV infected people as well as health care workers(Bassett et al., 2016). In South Africa, these risk factors are also common, thus increasing the chances of acquiring these infections. For instance, the exposure factors to TB in South Africa is attributed to several risk factors. The exposure of health care workers to TB is due to the high prevalence of this disease condition among the people that they serve as well as the level of contact (McCarthy et al., 2015). The distribution of the risk factors to TB infection is differential in nature in places of work and depends of factors such as age, gender, the number of contact times with the patients and the health care departments which these health care workers work in. therefore, it is important to have a clear understanding of the risk factors that cause TB infections in health care workers in South Africa in order to effe ctively control this problem (Tudor et al., 2014). The workplace acquired TB has thus been described as a significant occupational healthcare problem in South Africa. A review was carried out in order to determine the level of acquired TB among health care workers. This review involved performing electronic database searches such as EMBASE, Web of Science and MEDLINE among others. The results indicated that out of the sixteen studies that were included in the review, ten of them reported that there was active TB among the health care workers (Grobler et al., 2016). This study also reported the presence of active TB including the drug resistant form among the South African population. The authors also recommend the need for regular screening of TB among health care workers in South Africa to prevent cross infections. Biological hazards Tuberculosis is a disease which has been posing major health problems for quite a number of year. It causes a great economic burden because there are no vaccines available yet there are some causative agents which are resistant to drugs. This condition is caused by the members of the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Delogu et al., 2013). These bacterium have spread through the environment throughout the globe leading to TB pandemics. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a doubling time of between 12 to 24 hours and contains a very complex cell wall structure which is impermeable to toxic drugs and thus quite fundamental to its virulence. The pathogenesis of TB develops once some tubercles are dispersed into the air by an active TB infected patients (Samanovic Darwin, 2016). These tubercles, once inhaled ends into the alveoli where they are engulfed by macrophages. When some of the tubercles cannot be cleared by the host immune system, they may spread to different body part s. Some studies performed in non-human primate models have indicated that the metabolically active Mycobacterium tuberculosis in latent infections can divide in the host tissues even in the absence of any symptoms (Neyrolles et al., 2006). In a study carried out by Hernansez-Pando et al., in the year 2000 using lung tissues isolated from patients who had died from different causes and not by TB, in TB endemic regions, it was found that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA materials were present in non-phagocytic cells (Hernandez-Pando et al., 2000). TB prevention The diagnosis of TB is carried out at primary health care facilities like clinics and hospitals. In other cases, data from large population can be used to determine the possible TB cases. By preventing the HIV infections, the immune system of a person can be strengthened thus reducing the incidences of possible TB infections. Moreover, therapeutic approaches are used with common drugs being isoniazid and rifampicin among others (Bhatt et al., 2014). It has been observed that in people infected with HIV, the use of antiretroviral therapies reduces the severity of TB infections. Moreover, the accessibility of antiretroviral to South Africans has lowered the prevalence of TB among the people living with HIV. Legislations The existing legislations is that there is the integration of HIV and TB care in an effort to reduce the prevalence and incidence rates of the two conditions (Loveday Zweigenthal, 2011). This is true because when the two conditions are managed together, it is possible to control one or both through a sustained immune system. There is a need for more information as well as training concerning the possible methods of TB prevention on a regular basis in various health care departments. There also exists some programs for TB control which have been strengthened by the introduction of rifampicin therapies through the DOTS program (Karim et al., 2009). However, the strategic plans in place to control TB infections in South Africa all depend on the ability of the South African government to create sustainable partnerships in the improvement of health care services. References Grobler, L., Mehtar, S., Dheda, K., Adams, S., Babatunde, S., Walt, M., Osman, M. (2016). The epidemiology of tuberculosis in health care workers in South Africa: a systematic review. BMC health services research, 16(1), 416. Delogu, G., Sali, M., Fadda, G. (2013). The biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases, 5(1). Neyrolles, O., Hernndez-Pando, R., Pietri-Rouxel, F., Forns, P., Tailleux, L., Payn, J. A. B., ... Petit, C. (2006). Is adipose tissue a place for Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence?. PloS one, 1(1), e43. Hernandez-Pando, R., Jeyanathan, M., Mengistu, G., Aguilar, D., Orozco, H., Harboe, M., ... Bjune, G. (2000). Persistence of DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in superficially normal lung tissue during latent infection. The Lancet, 356(9248), 2133-2138. Karim, S. S. A., Churchyard, G. J., Karim, Q. A., Lawn, S. D. (2009). HIV infection and tuberculosis in South Africa: an urgent need to escalate the public health response. the Lancet, 374(9693), 921-933. Loveday, M., Zweigenthal, V. (2011). TB and HIV integration: obstacles and possible solutions to implementation in South Africa. Tropical Medicine International Health, 16(4), 431-438. Floyd K, Dias HM, Falzon D, et al. Global tuberculosis report: 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization. Rossouw H. World TB Day, 24 March 2012. 2012 [cited 17 May 2013]; Available from: https://www.westerncape.gov.za/news/world-tb-day-24-march-2012. Bhatt, N. B., Barau, C., Amin, A., Baudin, E., Meggi, B., Silva, C., ... Taburet, A. M. (2014). Pharmacokinetics of rifampin and isoniazid in tuberculosis-HIV-coinfected patients receiving nevirapine-or efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(6), 3182-3190. Cowan, J., Pandey, S., Filion, L. G., Angel, J. B., Kumar, A., Cameron, D. W. (2012). Comparison of interferon, interleukin (IL)?17?and IL?22?expressing CD4 T cells, IL?22?expressing granulocytes and proinflammatory cytokines during latent and active tuberculosis infection. Clinical Experimental Immunology, 167(2), 317-329. Mokhtar, K. S., Rahman, N. H. A. (2017). Urbanisation process and the prevalence of tuberculosis in Malaysia. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(3). Bassett, I. V., Coleman, S. M., Giddy, J., Bogart, L. M., Chaisson, C. E., Ross, D., ... Katz, J. N. (2016). Sizanani: a randomized trial of health system navigators to improve linkage to HIV and TB care in South Africa. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 73(2), 154. McCarthy, K. M., Scott, L. E., Gous, N., Tellie, M., Venter, W. D. F., Stevens, W. S., Van Rie, A. (2015). High incidence of latent tuberculous infection among South African health workers: an urgent call for action. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 19(6), 647-653. Tudor, C., Van der Walt, M., Margot, B., Dorman, S. E., Pan, W. K., Yenokyan, G., Farley, J. E. (2014). Tuberculosis among health care workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a retrospective cohort analysis. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 891. Samanovic, M. I., Darwin, K. H. (2016). Game of Somes: protein destruction for mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Trends in microbiology, 24(1), 26-34.

Protean free essay sample

Examining the impact of protean and boundaries career attitudes upon subjective career success. This Journal by Enhance et al. Speaks about two kinds of employees and their career attitudes and they are protean and boundaries. Because of the theory that we are testing, we will only be looking at protean career attitudes and employees who follow them. Until recently, career development and success were looked at to be a full time and long-term Jobs.Recently, career development is seen as a person taking control of himself and his own career and vocational destiny. A protean employee can be defined as being someone who is able to change when needed and is someone who is flexible and has the skills to adapt to new changes. According to Brioche et al. (2006), protean career attitudes capture self-direction in career management and making choices based on ones own values in guiding ones career and vocational development. We will write a custom essay sample on Protean or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This also shows us that protean individuals tend to look at both self-direction and values driven predisposition. King (2004) also argued that taking responsibility for managing ones career development can deliver positive psychological outcomes, including career and life satisfaction, enhanced self-efficacy and individual well- being, if desired career outcomes are achieved.Taking into account the definitions of protean employees and their attitudes and looking at the theory we are presenting, we can hopefully find a relation showing that protean employees can help society. By having traits of self-direction and values driven, protean employees will ensure their Insertion Into society given the right Incentives. Slide Title: Examining the Impact of protean and boundaries career attitudes upon subjective career success. Protean and boundaries * Traditional career attitudes * Protean employee definition: * Brioche et al. 2006) * Self-direction and values-driven * King (2004) * Conclusion * Insertion Into society given the right Incentives Protean By Andalusias them. Until recently, career development and success were looked at to be a full driven, protean employees will ensure their insertion into society given the right incentives. Slide Title: Examining the impact of protean and boundaries career attitudes upon.

Emily Dickinson -- Poems

Emily Dickinson Poems At first glance, Emily Dickinson's poetry looks short and concise. Many of her poems contain just a few stanzas, and not many words per line. This might give one the impression that the poetry is not very complex. However, upon further inspection, a reader can see that Dickinson is not a simple writer. Although her poems are short, each word is carefully chosen and most have multiple meanings.An example of Dickinson's short poetry is Number 185. Only four lines long, it contains a powerful statement about Dickinson's beliefs and feelings about religion and science. She says that "Faith"  is an invention made up by man so that they can see or explain the world around them, but advances in science have allowed people to see things that normally cannot be seen and are therefore more valuable or prudent. She makes a strong commentary in only sixteen words.Image: Emily dickinson journal.gifIn her poem numbered 288, Dickinson makes a statement about the status systems in place in societ y. She seems to be saying that she is "Nobody"  and has found someone who is similar to her. There is a fear of being banished or pushed away if they are found out. Then she goes on to compare being "Somebody"  to being a frog in a bog: a frog that does nothing but tell his name to the world around him in a narcissistic way. In this poem, Dickinson is again making a broad statement about society in just two short stanzas.In these two examples, Dickinson shows that a poet can be powerful and passionate about their subject without having to waste time, paper, and use extra words. She chose the words that were included in her poems very carefully and if you examine them closely, you can see that...

Mead's symbolic interaction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mead's symbolic interaction theory - Essay Example Another difference that exists between the humans and infrahumans is the communication types that are used. In the infrahuman, communication is usually gestural and takes place with an immediate effect, without being interrupted for the purpose of either assigning meaning or interpreting. Human communication, on the other hand, is meaningful and gestures have meanings assigned to them and the gestures do not call for immediate responses. There is also the essence of self. Self is the term used in referring to the reflective, conscious personality of the person (Wood 1992). Self is the entity that is envisioned by person whenever he/she tries to think about who they are. It is crucial to know that the idea of self can only be understood fully through role-taking. For a person to be able to look upon himself, he must have the capability to take over the role of another. The basic work of Herbert Mead was regarded to as symbolic interactionism. The work bore the name of Herbert Blumer, who inherited it from the famous social psychology course. The inheritance was after Mead died and then Blumer became an advocate of the symbolic interactions persistently. It would be hard for Mead to approve this label, more significantly, symbolic interactionism, since it has undergone evolution since more than sixty years ago, has seemed to lay its focus on the changes of self-more rather than either interaction or symbols, unlike what Blumer was an advocate for the reactions of people when they are interacting with others in the social settings which are governed by the conception that they possess. Gyroscope acts as a form of self serves and helps in keeping in line and consistent. Moreover, as the emphasis has been increasingly in the theory of symbolic interactionism, the motivation of individuals arises from verification of their self-sense before the eyes of others. The idea of identity

Source of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Source of Finance - Essay Example However interest on overdrafts is usually greater than interest on other loans and banks even charge an overdraft facility fee. The company should therefore put all these in to consideration and make sure that the benefits to be achieved from the overdraft outweigh the costs associated with taking the overdraft. Also, overdrafts do not cover all financing requirements. The company should therefore assess whether its financing requirements are long-term or short-term. If short-term, then an overdraft can be a right source of funding but if long-term then an overdraft would be an inefficient way to raise funds since the overdraft would be required on demand by the bank. If that be the case the company might go into financial distress and subsequently bankruptcy. In addition, collateral security might be needed by the bank in the form of a tangible fixed asset or against personal guarantee provided by the directors. It this case, the company should consider the nature of its fixed assets and asses which assets it can put up as collateral. Another determining factor for the overdraft is the firm's cash flows, timing and receipts of payments, sales trends and other cash flows. By carefully analysing all these information the company would be able to arrive at a better conclusion as to whether to engage in the overdraft or not and if the answer is yes, the amount and when the overdraft is to be repaid. Before engaging in an overdraft, therefore, the company has to carefully study the costs of the overdrafts and benefits from the investment it wants to finance with the overdraft. Should the costs outweigh the benefits then it should not engage in the overdraft. However it should engage in the overdraft facility only if the benefits substantially exceed costs. (http://www.tutor2u.net/business/finance/finance_overdraft.htm). Existing shareholders The company can also raise the much needed 10000-euro through equity finance Finance raised from shareholders in the form of ordinary shares and reserves, as opposed to non-equity and to borrowing. (John and Nicolas, 2005) Handy Andy's corner shop can also raise its 10,000euro by making contact with a business angel.

Advertising strategies of the fashion accessories

Advertising strategies of the fashion accessories 1. Working Title The advertising strategies of the fashion accessories retailer Accessorize and Claire for the UK market. 2. Introduction According to Levitts points, the needs and desires of consumers around the world are becoming ever more homogenized. Consequently, consumers around the world would become quite alike and can be satisfied with similar products (Muller, 1996). Hence, they can be persuaded by similar advertising message. Moreover, it also can be argued that consistent brand images can enormously influence consumers. Also, every target market is unique and consumers do vary, thus adopting the same advertising strategy will not be appropriate for all market segments. Traditionally, advertising was considered as an afterthought, used primarily to promote companies name to the consumer (Burnett, 1993). No matter how innovative a designers new collection might be, how the collection is positioned for the new season, or how successful a new innovative fabric or material will be, none of these targets are achievable without consumer awareness. For this purpose advertising is used to quickly and succinctly deliver these messages to specific target group around the world (Burnett, 1993). 2.1 Justification Advertising is the most important means for developing a brand (Mooij, 1997). Advertising has been conventionally regarded as one element of promotional mix, differentiated from other marketing communication elements such as public relation, personal selling, corporate communication, sales promotion, etc. (Hackley, 2005). Advertising can be defined through many perspectives such as from consumer perspective, businesses perspective, social perspective and in general. But a definition serving all these perspectives can be defined as non personal communication of marketing related information to a target market, usually paid for by the advertiser and delivered through mass media in order to reach the specific objective of the sponsor (Burnett, 1993). Advertising has also traditionally been the principle method of communicating a brand image, thus communication plays an important role in advertising (Jackson and Shaw, 2009). Marketing departments of companies need to use advertising strategies and communication methods to benefit the company.   Communications is at the heart of good marketing strategies providing an interface between firms and its publics. Strategic communications is also referred as a recipe; ingredients must be added at the right time and in right quantities to gain comparative advantage (Blythe, 2003). In order to achieve these, the understanding of advertising and what it can and cannot accomplish is a necessity for the marketers (Burnett, 1993). Even with such benefits the role of advertising has not satisfied everyone related to it. Advertising has faced criticisms in the way it is used by companies to achieve their targets. Few of these criticisms are advertising persuades people to buy against their will, artificially differentiate products and creates brand loyalty, prevents new firms to enter the market and enables advertisers to raise prices in comparison to those of un advertised products. However, these criticisms about advertising are the causes of one another for example; consumer loyalty can pose a threat to new brands entering the market (Tellis, 1998). 3. Aim Analyzing advertising strategies used by fashion accessories retailers and their impact on sales. 4. Objectives To discuss how different advertising strategies can have an effect on consumer decisions to purchase. Analyze and comparing the advertising strategies used by fashion accessory retailers with a focus on Accessorize and Claire. To discuss the effect of the advertising strategies used by Accessorize and Claire on the consumer. 5. Literature review For the purpose of this project literature review will focus on three main categories which will reflect the aims and objectives. Advertising, consumer behavior and effects of advertising strategies on consumers will be discussed while maintaining the main focus on the chosen companies Claire and accessorize. Over the years, many brands have faced the problem of conveying their message to consumers even with the availability of different communication elements such as public relations, personal selling, word of mouth, advertising etc (Jackson and Shaw, 2009). In recent years, businesses has wildly used advertising, as being costly it serves the purpose of sending message to a mass in shortest time (Wu, 2001). The delivery of the message not only serves the needs of designers, retailers, but also plays an important role for the recipients of the message. The primary goal of fashion advertising is to bring prominence to a particular company and to increase its profits (Diamond and Diamond, 1996). Advertising can be classified in three ways which is by audience, by advertiser and by intention (product and institutional).   Audience is the most obvious way of advertising as it examines the audience intended for the purpose of advertising (Burnet, 1993). Advertiser is referred in terms of who is advertising. A retailer does not get affected by what brand consumer buy as long as they buy it in their store (Burnet, 1993). Intentional advertising is further sub classified into product advertising and institutional advertising. Product advertising aim to inform or to stimulate the market where as institutional advertising creates a positive attitude towards the seller. Product advertising can provide quick response or stimulate demand over a longer period. Institutional advertising aims to establish a high level of goodwill rather than selling a particular good or service. According to vignali (2009), the purpose of advertising is to inform, persuade and remind. Advertising is also observed according to the media by which it is used to send message to the consumers. The media used for the purposes of advertising are press (magazines, daily papers), TV, Radio, external advertising, direct mail and the internet. Advertising in magazines have been regarded as one of the most effective methods, because it can be finally tuned to the target market of the magazine. In specific magazine, fashion brand/ retailers advertising can match their target market with the magazine target market effectively and inexpensively (Lea-Greenwood, 2002) e.g. accessorize have been targeting their customers especially through magazines. Generally advertising is assumed to have the potential to shape consumers beliefs and behaviors. Researchers have demonstrated that hierarchical effects of advertising have impacts on purchase intention (Mitchell and Olson, 1981). Consumer attitudes toward advertisements and their attitudes toward brands may shape their purchase intentions (see De Pelsmacker and Van Den Bergh, 1996; Mackenzie et al., 1986; Mitchell and Olson, 1981; Percy and Rossiter, 1992; Shimp, 1981). Advertisers reliance upon the use of sexual imagery and text to attract consumer attention is increasingly common in todays saturated media culture (LaTour and Henthorne, 1994; Reichert, 2007; Reichert and Carpenter, 2004; Severn et al., 1990; Streitmatter, 2004). This approach to advertising in which sexually explicit messages are purposefully invoked to challenge social mores is an example of provocative or â€Å"shock† advertising and its not surprising that many of the studies examining the impact of sexual content in advertisements upon consumer behavior have focused upon apparel as a product category (Andersson et al., 2004; De Pelsmacker and Van Den Bergh, 1996; Ve ´zina and Paul, 1997) (e.g., Grazer and Keesling, 1995; LaTour and Henthorne, 1994; Severn et al., 1990; Ve ´zina and Paul, 1997). Although Bailey and Hall (1992, p. 15) have identified shock advertising as â€Å"one of the most effective† approaches to selling commodities in the contemporary marketplace, empirical evidence about the efficacy of sex appeal as an approach to promoting consumer goods. Advertisements featuring lower levels of sexual intensity may fail to attract consumers attention, whereas those featuring higher levels of sexual int ensity may distract the consumer from focusing upon the product being promoted (Alexander and Judd, 1978). Fashion opinion leaders have been recognised as important to the spread of new clothing fashions for a long time. Sometimes consumers become especially interested in and preoccupied with clothing and fashion so that their interest, experience, and knowledge and are then referred as opinion leaders for others (Goldsmith, 2000). The tendency of consumers to pursue dissimilarity from others in the marketplace via product and brand acquisition and usage for the enhancement of the individuals self and social image is referred to as consumer need for uniqueness or CNFU (Tian et al., 2001). Consumer need for uniqueness is a multidimensional construct consisting of three factors which are Creative choice counterconformity, Unpopular choice counterconformity and Avoidance of similarity. The advertising industry is held responsible for creating fashion norms such as â€Å"tweens†, and marketers exploit the tendency of children to look forward to growing up, choosing slightly older children as role models (Linn, 2004). Accessories have been proven to be the most resilient sector of fashion retailing in recession with growth of 3.2% in 2009 and have added nearly  £0.5bn to sales value between 2005 and 2009 (Verdict, 2009). The accessories sector of fashion has always been woman dominant and accounts nearly for 73% of all accessories expenditure. Within the last decade, clothing specialists have used accessories as a vehicle for growth and discovered accessories to be a necessity for fashion followers. Accessorize remain leading specialist despite facing tough competition from clothing specialists, Accessorize has managed to hold on to a share of 7.4% in 2009 (Verdict, 2009).