The Foils of Hamlet Essay - 646 Words

A foil is a minor character in a literary work that compliments the main character through similarities and differences in personality and plot. In William Shakespeares play Hamlet, the main character, Hamlet, has three major foils. These foils are his close friend Horatio, Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, and the brother of his love, Laertes. These three characters contradict and enhance Hamlets major characteristics. Hamlets friend Horatio is a foil for him because he brings out the revenge and betrayal in Hamlet. He is a listener for Hamlet. Horatio seems to be the only one who is sympathetic of Hamlet concerning the death of his father and his mothers quick remarriage. He is very loyal to Hamlet. Horatio, through†¦show more content†¦Laertes also brings revenge and betrayal out of Hamlet. Though an enemy, Laertes is a foil to Hamlet. Laertes helps in the development of Hamlet through the similarities they share. These include anger over the death of their fathers, and desire to exact revenge. Betrayal is also relevant because Laertes betrays Claudius in the end, revealing his plan to kill Hamlet. Hamlet betrays his father by verbally abusing his mother, against the wishes of his father. The differences between the two men are very strong. Hamlet would not kill Claudius in the church because he was praying. Laertes, however stated that he would kill Hamlet in a church, praying or not. Another difference is that Hamlet cannot be a man of action and a man of thought at the same time. He does not use his mind when he acts. He just acts. When he is pondering something, he is unable to act out his thoughts, and keeps quiet. Laertes, however, is able to act while thinking. He finds out that Hamlet killed his father and immediately devises a plan to kill him. This flaw makes Hamlet dangerous to himself, and is ultimately his downfall. Through the different minor characters, the true feelings and personalities of the main character in a n ovel or a play come out. Hamlets weaknesses, strengths, thoughts, and desires came out because of his relationships with others. Without Horatio, Fortinbras, or Laertes, the small aspects of HamletsShow MoreRelatedThe Foils in Hamlet Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesFoils in Hamletnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; A foil is a minor character that helps the audience better understand a major character. A foil may exist as a comparison character, with similarities between the two, as well as differences that bring to light an important contrast between the foil and the main character. A foil may also just be someone for the main character to talk to, so we can know and understand their thoughts and feelings. Foils help us understandRead MoreLaertes And Hamlet Foils In Shakespeares Hamlet958 Words   |  4 Pagesand characteristics. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Laertes serves as a foil for Hamlet in which their contrast presents pivotal themes that reveal Hamlet’s character. While the play has many themes, morality, revenge, and honor specifically relate to the contrast between Laertes and Hamlet, consequently resulting in Laertes purpose as a foil for Hamlet. Hamlet’s religion shapes his view on morality, ultimately guiding many of his actions regarding death. Hamlet is a afraid of life after death as demonstratedRead More Foils as Reflections of Hamlet Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages     Ã‚   Foils are minor characters, that through similarities and differences, set off or accent the main characters of a play. There is a strong connection between the foils in a play and ones final perception of the main characters. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, there is a continuous shifting of the main characters emotions. These emotions range anywhere from madness and rage to grief and sorrow. In Hamlet there is a foil that represents each emotion and behavior that isRead MoreThe Characters Of Foils In William Shakespeares Hamlet860 Words   |  4 Pages Foils In Hamlet   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In fiction, a foil is a character whom contrasts with another character in the story, typically the protagonist. The foil is able to highlight certain aspects of their opposing character. A foil can differ dramatically or be extremely similar but tends to have key qualities that distinguish the two apart from each other. When an author uses a foil in literature they are emphasizing not only strengths and weaknesses the main character poses, but also understanding the obviousRead More The Foils of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe Foils of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare wrote the classic play, Hamlet in the sixteenth century.   Hamlet would be a very difficult play to understand without the masterful use of foils.   A foil is a minor character in a literary work that compliments the main character through similarities and differences in personality.   The audience can identify similarities and differences between any of the characters and Hamlet, however, there are two characters thatRead MoreThe Examination of Hamlet and Laertes as Foils Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet relays Hamlet’s quest to avenge the murder of his father, the king of Denmark. The late King Hamlet was murdered by his brother, Claudius, who took the throne and Hamlet’s mother Gertrude for himself. Hamlet is beseeched by the ghost of his father to take vengeance upon Claudius; while he swears to do so, the prince inexplicably delays killing Claudius for months on end. Hamlet†™s feeble attempt to first confirm his uncle’s guilt with a play that recountsRead More Ophelia as a Foil to Shakespeares Hamlet Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesOphelia as a Foil to Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚      In Shakespeares tragedy, Hamlet, the audience finds a docile, manipulated, scolded, victimized young lady named Ophelia. Ophelia is a foil to Hamlet. Plays have foils to help the audience better understand the more important characters in the play.   The character of Ophelia is necessary so that the audience will give Hamlet a chance to get over his madness and follow his heart.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similarities are an important part of being a foil. One similarityRead More Fortinbras as Foil for Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesFortinbras as Foil for Hamlet In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlets father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives theRead MoreFoils Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesA foil is a character who acts as the opposite to another character and consequently highlights important features of that character’s personality . A foil character often contrasts with the features of another character. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet , there are obvious foils for the main character, Hamlet. These foils include Horatio, Fortinbras, Claudius, and Laertes. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is a an excellent demonstration of character foils. A foil is also known as a literary device that revealsRead MoreThe Foil Of Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Hamlet 901 Words   |  4 PagesIn literature, the foil is a person whose traits, by differences and similarities, help to emphasize and enhance the qualities and actions of the protagonist. Many characters, such as King Claudius, Fortinbras, and Laertes, in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† qualify as foils for Hamlet, the protagonist. However, Laertes is the most appropriate foil for Hamlet. Laertes’ similarities and differences with Hamlet along with his actions and traits allow him to be an effective

Gender Roles In The Great Gatsby - 1736 Words

The Great Gatsby Gender Norms Societal ‘norms’ surrounding gender have continuously remained prominent internationally. Although these standards and expectations continue to shift, women still face oppression today. The novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, demonstrates the expectations of women and their relationships to men in 1920’s New York City through one of the main characters, Daisy Buchanan. A vast majority of Daisy’s actions are to entice and cater to the superior men of the novel. Through this, I was able to reflect upon the evolution of society’s stereotypes surrounding women from the 1920’s. Initially, from reading the novel, I learned about the period of the roaring twenties and how the aspect of class affects the†¦show more content†¦The narrator, Nick is grouping together the women of the party and describing their persona all in the same way. The men of the party are comforting them, as they are providing p rotection and masculinity to the â€Å"swooning† and â€Å"puppyish† women. The women are following the social norm/stereotype that men must be their protectors because they are such frail beings and must be accompanied by a man. These societal standards were represented through the specific character, Daisy Buchanan and her actions throughout the novel. Daisy has intentional ignorance of her husband, Tom’s multiple affairs showing her lack of empowerment and fear of disrupting the gender roles. The woman was meant to be the housewife, caring for the children, and staying home. Daisy believes women should not be intelligent and applies these expectations to her own daughter: I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling, and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl. She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept. All right, I said, I m glad it s a girl. And I hope she ll be a fool—that s the best thing a gir l can be in this world, a beautiful little fool† (Fitzgerald 116-118). It is evident that Daisy was disappointed by the gender of her baby, and thinks little of what a woman can be inShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In The Great Gatsby1612 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Great Gatsby, where gender norms shape the dynamic of all romantic relationships.Fitzgerald’s novel reflects pervasive gender norms that are still in place today. One of these constructs is the role of women versus men in marriage. Husbands are supposed to be violent and commanding, and their wives are supposed to be quiet and happy. Male characters see opportunity in this construct -- they use it to their advantage or as a way to establish power and reputation. Characters like Gatsby and TomRead MoreGender Roles In The Great Gatsby1124 Words   |  5 Pagesby striving for equality between genders. In this time known as the Roaring Twenties, women began to use their voice desiring to live their lives how the y chose. F. Scott Fitzgerald, a renowned author, displayed his perception of women attempting to prove their worth through his new book. One of the protagonists in the novel, Daisy Buchanan, challenges the gender barriers and threatens to paint a new image for women by choosing love over wealth. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald displays theRead MoreGender Roles in The Great Gatsby2970 Words   |  12 PagesWomen In The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald, author of The Great Gatsby, illustrates most women in his novels in a incredibly negative light. He portrays them as dependent upon men, selfish, and completely amoral. Jay Gatsby is in love with the wealthy Mrs. Daisy Buchannan and tries to win her love by proving that he is wealthy. However, no matter how wealthy he becomes, or how many gigantic parties he throws, he is still never good enough for Daisy. The story ends in tragedy as Gatsby is killedRead MoreGender Roles In The Great Gatsby And The Sun Also Rises1657 Words   |  7 Pagesconventional gender roles and how they express this in each story. The literary works that specifically include this theme of gender roles are,The Sun also Rises by Ernest Hemingway , The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald and Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston. All the works are written around the same time, the 1920’s, which gives the reader an idea of the aftermath of the World War at that time and ho w its affect on both male and females during this time period, a womens role was onlyRead MoreGender Roles : The Great Gatsby, The Mystery Of Heroism, And The Scarlet Letter1862 Words   |  8 Pages To quote author Chimamanda Adichie, â€Å"Imagine how much happier we would be, how much freer to be our true individual selves, if we didn t have the weight of gender expectations.† However, the influence of gender is pervasive from jobs to the military, even extending to education. Men are generally characterized as strong and independent. Women, on the other hand, are supposed to be more feeble and domestic by societal standards. These distinctions have always been the case in the United States,Read MoreGender Roles in the Roaring 1920s: An Examination of the Women of The Great Gatsby 1795 Words   |  8 Pages The Great Gatsby is often referred to as the great American novel; a timeless commentary on the American Dream. A dream that defines success, power, love, social stat us, and recreation for the American public. It should be mentioned that this novel was published in 1925, which is a time when the American public had recently experienced some significant changes, including women’s suffrage, which had only taken place 6 years prior to the publication of this novel May of 1919. The women of this eraRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald And Lullaby By W. H. Auden1170 Words   |  5 PagesGood Afternoon Ms Atkinson and fellow peers, as you can see, the texts I have chosen to discuss with you are To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Lullaby by W. H . Auden, all of which have modernist themes, including conforming to traditional gender roles, time and love. To the Lighthouse revolves around the lives of the Ramsay family who are at their holiday house, hosting some guests, including Lily Briscoe (a painter) and Charles. The family are facedRead MoreThe Hidden Mystery Behind The Unattainable Dream1300 Words   |  6 Pagesand an upward social mobility achieved through arduous work in a society with few barriers. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, themes of corruption, idealism, and social upheaval, create a portrait of the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale concerning the American Dream. The story primarily concerns mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his idealistic passion to achieve the American Dream, Daisy Buchanan, the love of his life. In the novel,Read MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald877 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities, no matter their gender or race. This paper will look into two cultural texts from different time periods and analyse them through a feminist perspective, discussing the producers’ use of women in the works and feminist or anti-feminist ideas. This paper will first look at the novel The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald, F, S, 1925), analysing Fitzgerald’s use of gender roles and feminist ideals. A product of its time, The Great Gatsby has female characters in secondary roles, but surprisingly doesn’tRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1272 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration. The wise writer writes for the youth of his own generation, the critics of the next, and the schoolmasters of ever afterward.† F. Scott Fitzgerald, author of The Great Gatsby, describes his own insight to his writing techniques, which gain his success through the agelessness of his novels. This is clear with The Great Gatsby, a novel narrated by the character Nick Caraway and centered on Jay Gatsby’s short-lived life. This novel is a timeless piece of literature that is still relevant to American

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1536 Words

Adultery was a moral wrongdoing and transgression in 1850. Hawthorne captured the essence of the events that could occur in any Puritan woman’s life after committing this sin from his own perspective of the topic, Hawthorne did this within a writing of his. The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850. The Scarlet Letter is about the life of Hester Prynne and the other characters after she played a part in committing the sin of Adultery. Hester partakes in moral trials throughout the novel too, some even concerning her daughter Pearl. The Scarlet Letter reflects on the toll that secrets can play of a person, through Dimmesdale and the effects of a person s decisions on others around them. The novel also speaks of how†¦show more content†¦The next quite influential and important scene would be in Chapter 10. Chillingworth has taken residence in Dimmesdale’s home where he grows more suspicious every day of Dimmesdale. Chillingworth starts rummagi ng through Dimmesdale’s possessions, driven by his wanting for revenge. The majority of the scene exposes the urgency of Chillingworth to procure evidence to support his theory the Dimmesdale is the other half of the guilty party that hasn’t received the punishment for his transgression. Throughout the encounter between the two the point of views the other has on the effect of confessing your sins. Chillingworth doesn’t understand why a person would hide their sins in a way that they can’t recieve judgement and punishment by the people. He believes a person will be set free if they put their sins out in the open. Dimmesdale’s point of view is that it doesn’t matter when you confess you as long as the person can feel the same weight lifting as if they confessed it from the beginning. Dimmesdale actually slips up as he defends his point. He uses himself as an example not expecting Chillingsworth to connect the dots. Dimmesdale questions, â₠¬Å"What better way to receive penance for a sin then to do God’s work? How can a man continue to do God’s workShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

What Is Order Flow Ixicity - 1504 Words

\section{Discussion} \label{sec:Dis} The aim of this paper is to contribute to the development of a framework for measuring order-flow toxicity and to take a position regarding the VPIN dispute. Initially, an assessment of the measure of Volume Synchronized Probability of Informed Trading, commonly known as VPIN, was performed. VPIN was evaluated during 3 events of high market stress levels, in high-frequency context. This evaluation was done to verify the reliability of VPIN as an indicator for order-flow toxicity.\\ \newline The main innovation of this dissertation was the evaluation of VPIN during stress events due to distinct nature and underlying causes, and its complemented with the comparison of the trading dynamics. Our results†¦show more content†¦In the Figure below it can be seen that after the levels dropped, they did not bounce back. The cumulated order imbalances curves can be interpreted as a signal of a less dynamic market (a decline in liquidity) after the stressful events. \\ Regarding the Knightmare data sample, Boyd Gaming Corporation (BYD) was picked out for its peculiar trading patterns. The cumulated order imbalances increased during the first 30 minutes of the day and kept high the rest of the day. Moreover, extremely high volatility is registered in the same period. From the mentioned previously, one can deduce that more selling orders arrived (for BYD) when the prices increased. It might be interesting to study the sensibility of the market depth with respect to the price changes. Also to create a benchmark for the order imbalances. Additionally, one can argue that that liquidity was not moved out from the LOB. Given that the order imbalances curve was stable the rest of the day, and sell orders were not cancelled.\\ \newline From the Hack Crash, the cumulated order imbalances curve of PowerShares QQQ Trust (QQQ) called our attention. As expected, the cumulated order imbalances dropped as a reaction to the false tweet. But they did not recover to its previous level; the growth trend did not recover as well. Moreover, a second drop was registered after 2 pm, after that, it gradually increased until the market closed. \\ \newline Easely

Kodak and Fujifilm Free Essays

Kodak and Fujifilm Kodak and Fujifilm are well known companies in the households in the United States and across the world. Few people know the actual history of both companies and the competition they have been in over the years. It’s an interesting history on how both companies started and how they have developed and challenged each other over the years. We will write a custom essay sample on Kodak and Fujifilm or any similar topic only for you Order Now George Eastman, who was the founder of Kodak, started his business career as a 14-year old boy when he had to quit school and work to support his mother and two sisters. Mr. Eastman had a gift for organization and management while his lively and inventive mind made him a successful entrepreneur by his mid-twenties. What sparked the idea of a simple camera was that his coworker suggested he make a record of his vacation to Santo Domingo. As a result, he became absorbed with photography and wanting to simplify the photography process. Eastman started Kodak in 1880 and built it on four basic principles: mass production at low cost, international distribution, extensive advertising, and a focus on the customer. Later on he added the following policies: foster growth and development through continuing research, treat employees in a fair, self-respecting way, and reinvest profits to build and extend the business. Mr. Eastman started the company by manufacturing dry plates for sale to photographers. One mishap almost shut down the company when dry plates that were sold went bad. Eastman came up with a quick solution to recall the bad plates and replace them with a good product. His quick thinking saved the company and the company’s reputation. Mr. Eastman began experiments that focused on the use of a lighter and more flexible support than glass. He began advertising to the public to look out for a new product that will prove an economical and convenient substitute for glass dry plates for outdoors and studio work. Once he started perfecting the transparent roll film and the roll holder, Eastman realized he would have to reach out to the general public and amateur photography. The Kodak camera debuted in 1888. They developed the slogan â€Å"you press the button, we do the rest. Kodak made the process of taking and developing pictures easy and accessible to nearly everyone. Kodak has led the way with a plentitude of new products and processes that makes photography simpler, more useful and enjoyable. The company Kodak has grown to be is known not only for photography but also for images used in leisure, commercial, entertainment and scientific applications. They are constantly developing technology to combine images and i nformation which is creating the potential to greatly change how businesses and people communicate. Eastman’s goal was to make photography â€Å"as convenient as the pencil† while Kodak is continuing to expand the ways images touch people’s lives. Kodak continues to rank as a premier multinational corporation and with a brand that is recognized in nearly every country. Kodak has been involved in technological innovation throughout the motion picture industry as well as the health imaging industry, document imaging, printing and publishing, and space exploration. Mr. Eastman believed employees should have more than good wages. He believed that worker’s goodwill and loyalty contributed to the prosperity of an organization. Eastman started the â€Å"Wage Dividend† in which each employee benefited from the yearly dividend on the company stock above his or her wages. The wage dividends represented a large part of the company’s net earnings; the wage dividends were viewed as an innovation. To show even more appreciation to his employees, Eastman gave one-third of his own holdings of company stock to his employees. He also provided them with a retirement annuity, life insurance and disability benefit plans. (History of Kodak) Fujifilm was established in 1934 in Japan. Fujifilm has established itself as a leader in in the motion picture photography, videotape, audio tape and floppy disc industries. The company is also involved in still cameras, camcorders, photofinishing equipment, paper and chemicals, imaging and information products for office and medical use markets. The company first started out producing motion picture film, dry plates and photographic paper. It was hard to develop brand recognition at first partly because of the competition with Eastman Kodak. Because of this, Fujifilm focused on improving the quality of the products it developed. Since the company was focused on the quality of the products, it developed its first film product and a motion picture negative film which proved to many in Japan that Fujifilm was technically proficient in the motion-picture industry. After World War II, Fuji was able to begin exporting film and optical products to South America and Asia. The postwar boom was a great advantage to Fuji with the demands for new products to be developed. One downfall for Eastman Kodak but an advantage to Fuji was when Kodak agreed to let Fuji produce black and white amateur roll film during 1952 and three more black and white roll film products by 1958. The company became the number one manufacturer of consumer films in Japan. Because of the agreement with Kodak this opened doors for Fuji and they were able to make more export agreements and opened sales offices in other countries, including the United States. (Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part I, 2010) Fujifilm still had to overcome two major challenges: Eastman Kodak and Fujifilm’s reputation for below-par film product. Fuji tackled the challenge of film product and developed film and paper that was compatible with the processing systems mostly used worldwide. In 1969 all of their films, photo paper and chemicals completely matched the processing systems. They saw a significant upsurge in their exports. The other challenge was going head to head with Kodak which they took on full-force. When Fuji entered the US market, it introduced a cartridge-film eight-millimeter home movie system. Kodak retaliated with introducing their system which swept Fuji aside and took control of the world market. The market started to notice that Fuji’s film was faster than Kodak’s and produced warmer tones. Fuji advertised making sure amateurs and professionals knew the difference while Kodak continued to concentrate on the beginner/amateur consumers. In 1972, Fuji marketed a film in the US with their name on it. Fuji gained its first significant market share with this product. To try and stay ahead of Kodak, Fuji had to develop, manufacture and market equivalent products quickly before Kodak released new products. By 1980, Fuji was the third largest film producer and stayed competitive by increasing its prices a lot less than the other manufactures. The also took advantage of the growing consumer demand for audio and videotapes. Their early marketing to amateur and professionals paid off since many amateurs wanted to shoot pictures with high quality film. This boosted Fuji’s status to the second largest film manufacturer. A major advantage Fuji had was researching electronic technology before Kodak. Fuji beat Kodak out for a 1984 Olympics sponsorship which was a huge breakthrough for Fuji. Fuji also took full advantage of the untapped market of disposable cameras. They sold 1. million cameras in 6 months which took them to the top as the number one global camera manufacturer in 1992. Fuji introduced the first digital camera in 1988 which was a historical moment in the camera industry. Fuji has been an innovative competitor since the start of the company. (Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part II, 2010) Kodak failed to grasp the importance of the complex environmental changes that were occurring in the in dustry. They didn’t react fast enough to stay as the leading company in the industry and Fujifilm took advantage of that. While Kodak had the technological skills to develop products, their rigid leadership culture prevented them from adapting with the changes taking place. Kodak had the â€Å"mentality of perfect products, rather than the high-tech mindset of make it, launch it, fix it. † Fujifilm embraced the changes that were occurring in the photographic market. They diversified through acquisition and changed its business model to conquer digital photography with a commitment to innovation and new technologies. Fuji showed a technological discontinuity by developing the first digital camera. This shows they are innovative and creative in their thinking and think ahead of what is happening in the industry. (Integrated Company Analysis, 2009) One major management concept that has impacted both Fuji and Kodak are their marketing strategies. While Kodak was focused on marketing to amateur photographers, Fuji took it a step beyond and focused on amateurs and professionals. This has had a huge impact on both companies. Kodak is focused on positioning itself as providing user-friendly products while the quality of some of their products contradict that claim. This has kept Kodak from advancing as they should have while Fuji has seen a huge benefit from their marketing strategy. I view Fujifilm as a prospector since they think outside of the box and look at what is needed in the future. Kodak started out originally as a prospector but has turned to be a reactor. Kodak is at the point where they are developing products in response to products being released from their competitors, mainly Fujifilm. I believe that Kodak needs to look at their current situation and assess what they need to do to become more profitable again and rebuild their reputation. I can see Kodak using the retrenchment strategy for the redevelopment of the company. One action that leaves it questionable about Fujifilm’s ethical approach is when Kodak filed a complaint with the United States that Fuji was blocking their products from entering the Japanese market. Looking at the situation, it could be the Japanese government that had the ethical and social responsibility for these actions. The blocking of Kodak entering the Japanese market maintained the Fujifilm’s profits while it stopped potential revenue for Kodak. Even if the Japanese government would let Kodak sell its products in Japan, the Japanese citizens would most likely still purchase Fujifilm since that is the product that they recognize and are familiar with. Kodak over the years has slowed down it’s adaptation to the market condition changes. When Mr. Eastman was in charge, the business stayed ahead of the industry and adapted well. As the years have gone by that situation has changed to where Kodak reacts after changes have been made. Their reactions are to produce a product so fast that it makes inferior products, which has affected Kodak’s reputation in the industry. Fujifilm adapts well to the change in the market conditions. In fact, they are in the forefront of anticipating what is needed next by the consumers. One way a company should build in flexibility is to have openness. Company executives need to be open to new ideas, information sources, and roles. Typically companies stick with the routine processes and don’t consider ideas that may be suggested by people and other sources outside of the company. Some companies are not receptive to ideas that are internally suggested by their own employees either. In order to prosper and advance, company executives need to be able and willing to take ideas and suggestions into consideration. Another way to build in flexibility is the processes of decision making. Companies need to analyze how and if their decision process works. They need re-examine the assumptions that bring the decision to a given point. Executives also should refine their plans according with the brief feedback they receive. Companies have to be careful not to develop a competitive inertia where they are reluctant to change their current strategies because they want to keep their current processes which have been successful so far. A third way is to develop a shadow strategy task force. Companies need to analyze themselves and determine what their weaknesses are to be able to make adjustments to strengthen them. One way to look at your weaknesses is to think like your competitors and try to determine how the company can be exploited for competitive advantage. The company should have a wide range of employees on the task force to provide opinions, suggestions and information instead of the task force being only executives. Companies can learn a lot from researching Kodak and Fujifilm’s history. Their history shows how strong companies can be and the bumps in the road they encounter by not adapting to change and competition. There is definitely a lesson in what to do and what not to do as you are building your company and making it stronger throughout the years. References: 1. History of Kodak. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www. kodak. com/ek/US/en/Our_Company/History_of_Kodak/Imaging-_the_basics. htm 2. Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part I (2010). Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www. photographytalk. com/photography-articles/1682-photography-tipthe-history-of-fujifilm-part-1 3. Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part II (2010). Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www. photographytalk. com/photography-articles/1686-photography-tipthe-history-of-fujifilm-part-2 4. Integrated Company Analysis – Kodak. Fall 2009. Wisconsin School of Business. Retrieved from http://business. library. wisc. edu/resources/kavajecz/09%20Fall/kodak_rep. pdf How to cite Kodak and Fujifilm, Papers

Peace Six Hundred Miles Away free essay sample

I am on a plane. I don’t know where I am going or who the people around me are. In confusion, I look around and try to comprehend to what is going on. As I look, I am attracted to the oceans glorious blue color that I spot through a passenger’s window. While looking out this window I hear a familiar voice echo and continuously get louder and louder. â€Å"Sergio get up! Sergio get up! Sergio get up!† It is my sister, and she had just woke me up from my pleasant dream. Normally, I would have told her to leave me alone and to get out of my room, but this was a special exception. Today was the day we were flying out of state to go visit my oldest sister in time for Thanksgiving. It was five a.m., and we had a scheduled flight three hours from now. So, after getting up from bed, I took a quick shower. I followed this shower by eating a delicious bowl of my favorite cereal, Honey Bunches of Oats. Then, after giving my dog and cat a big hug, I helped put the luggage in the car. The next thing I remembered was me waking up on our arrival to the airport terminals. After a tedious two hours spent checking in and waiting, I finally heard our planes number ready to descend. This was not my first time on a plane so once onboard; I put my seatbelt on, placed my seat further back, hugged my pillow and tried to get some rest. After a very short flight, we had arrived to our destination. Immediately, I felt the change of environment when I stepped off the plane. The air across my body felt denser, the sun’s dominate blaze could not compensate for the chill I was feeling, and the faint smell of farm animals had me puzzled. I had officially arrived to Albuquerque, New Mexico. I was now six hundred miles away from home and on my way to my sister’s house. On this car ride I was exposed to more than just the agony of sitting down for another two hours. I was in a painting and I was seeing nature like I never had before. Splashes of yellow, brown, and orange were evident across the desserts we passed by. The same glorious blue color from the ocean in my dream consumed the sky. The clouds engulfed by a dark red color further illustrated the warm feeling I felt. I was enjoying the simplicity of everyday nature overwhelm my mind. The same way Henry Thoreau expresses in, Where I lived, and What I Lived For, I understand him when he proclaims he wants to â€Å"suck out all the marrow of life,† and how he points out that, â€Å"life is frittered away by detail† (Thoreau, 404). Thoreau draws the metaphor that although life is complicated we worry about unnecessary things at times, but that we can found ourselves more content in enjoying the sim ple things life has to offer. In my case, I was able to find tranquility and fascination through the different display of nature I was exposed to. However, my enlightening experience in this unfamiliar part of the world did not end here, but instead continued later that night when a brighter set of lights dawned on me. Upon arriving to my sister’s home, we all accompanied ourselves to the feast my sister had prepared for us. After much conversing and eating, my sister insisted we all spend the last of the night outside enjoying the warmth the fire pit provided. Sure enough, the fire from the pit soared and illuminated the backyard, but as this was going on I was intrigued by a different kind of light. Looking up at the midnight sky I saw something I had not seen before. What I saw were stars, hundreds of them scattered across the sky. Though I have seen stars before, I had not seen them in abundant numbers as I was now. Stars spread across the sky, like small lights shining on a stage. I starred at these stars and allowed my mind to embrace the infinite number of questions that emerged. Why are there so many stars? Why do they appear white? How far away are they? Why do so some stars appear to blink while others stay put? While I pondered on all of these questions interestingly enough, I fo und myself in a state of admiration and serenity. In Seeing by Annie Dillard, I relate to her when she says, â€Å"I reel in confusion; I don’t understand what I see. With the naked eye I can see two million light-years to the Andromeda galaxy† (Dillard, 121).The same perplexity that dwells Annie mind, was what I felt when I had seen the hundreds of stars above me. What I received from this experience was nature giving back through its most giving form, peace of mind and utter fascination. I find these experiences of nature to be one of the most profound encounters I have had with it. Having been in a different part of the world and been able to enjoy the luxury of nature in a different perspective was the best token I received on my trip to New Mexico. Through Annie Dillard and Henry Thoreau word’s, they remind us to feel privileged for being able to see the wonders that we see and to free our minds and enjoy the simple offerings nature offers. N. Scott Momaday depicts her journey in The Way to Rainy Mountain, as â€Å"a landscape that is incomparable, a time that is gone forever, and the human spirit, which endures† (Momaday, 2). Leaving this new state I too felt the same way Momaday felt on her journey. The landscapes I saw were one of a kind, the amount of time I spent admiring the stars was worth every second, and it was my mind that endured the bliss I found in nature. In the end, although nature and I are two separate entities, I now feel more con nected with it. With the glimpse of nature’s offering I experienced, I am now more than ever intrigued to explore what other wonders lay across this giant ball of nature we call Earth, and the wonders that lurk deeper within our galaxy.

TB in Healthcare Workers for Southern African-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTB in Healthcare Workers for Southern African Nations. Answer: Tuberculosis in health care workers There are two types TB infections; the latent TB which is asymptomatic, and, the active TB which presents a number of signs and symptoms (Cowan et al., 2012). The most common signs and symptoms of TB are fever, night sweats, coughing, production of phlegm, and loss of weight. Since the development of HIV/AIDS in sub Saharan Africa, there has been a sharp increase in the cases of TB. This is so especially for the southern African nations leading to a TB pandemic. In 2011, the world incidence rates of TB by the WHO was about 125/100,000, whereby the incidence rate in Africa was 262, 100000 of the general population. Moreover, the incidence rates of TB in South Africa was estimated to be 993/100,000 people (Rossouw et al., 2012). In fact, out of the 8.7 million cases of active TB, in the year 2011, South Africa recorded about 0.5 million TB cases. There are a number of risk factors that are linked to the development of TB. These factors can fall into various classes such as personal and environmental risks (Floyd et al., 2012). Personal risk factors include malnutrition, smoking habits, diabetes, cancer and genetic predisposition among many more. The environmental factors include poor ventilation, getting into contact with contaminated sputum, and high levels of airborne bacteria (Mokhtar Rahman, 2017). It is commonly argued that there are some communities which are highly vulnerable to contacting TB such as the HIV infected people as well as health care workers(Bassett et al., 2016). In South Africa, these risk factors are also common, thus increasing the chances of acquiring these infections. For instance, the exposure factors to TB in South Africa is attributed to several risk factors. The exposure of health care workers to TB is due to the high prevalence of this disease condition among the people that they serve as well as the level of contact (McCarthy et al., 2015). The distribution of the risk factors to TB infection is differential in nature in places of work and depends of factors such as age, gender, the number of contact times with the patients and the health care departments which these health care workers work in. therefore, it is important to have a clear understanding of the risk factors that cause TB infections in health care workers in South Africa in order to effe ctively control this problem (Tudor et al., 2014). The workplace acquired TB has thus been described as a significant occupational healthcare problem in South Africa. A review was carried out in order to determine the level of acquired TB among health care workers. This review involved performing electronic database searches such as EMBASE, Web of Science and MEDLINE among others. The results indicated that out of the sixteen studies that were included in the review, ten of them reported that there was active TB among the health care workers (Grobler et al., 2016). This study also reported the presence of active TB including the drug resistant form among the South African population. The authors also recommend the need for regular screening of TB among health care workers in South Africa to prevent cross infections. Biological hazards Tuberculosis is a disease which has been posing major health problems for quite a number of year. It causes a great economic burden because there are no vaccines available yet there are some causative agents which are resistant to drugs. This condition is caused by the members of the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Delogu et al., 2013). These bacterium have spread through the environment throughout the globe leading to TB pandemics. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a doubling time of between 12 to 24 hours and contains a very complex cell wall structure which is impermeable to toxic drugs and thus quite fundamental to its virulence. The pathogenesis of TB develops once some tubercles are dispersed into the air by an active TB infected patients (Samanovic Darwin, 2016). These tubercles, once inhaled ends into the alveoli where they are engulfed by macrophages. When some of the tubercles cannot be cleared by the host immune system, they may spread to different body part s. Some studies performed in non-human primate models have indicated that the metabolically active Mycobacterium tuberculosis in latent infections can divide in the host tissues even in the absence of any symptoms (Neyrolles et al., 2006). In a study carried out by Hernansez-Pando et al., in the year 2000 using lung tissues isolated from patients who had died from different causes and not by TB, in TB endemic regions, it was found that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA materials were present in non-phagocytic cells (Hernandez-Pando et al., 2000). TB prevention The diagnosis of TB is carried out at primary health care facilities like clinics and hospitals. In other cases, data from large population can be used to determine the possible TB cases. By preventing the HIV infections, the immune system of a person can be strengthened thus reducing the incidences of possible TB infections. Moreover, therapeutic approaches are used with common drugs being isoniazid and rifampicin among others (Bhatt et al., 2014). It has been observed that in people infected with HIV, the use of antiretroviral therapies reduces the severity of TB infections. Moreover, the accessibility of antiretroviral to South Africans has lowered the prevalence of TB among the people living with HIV. Legislations The existing legislations is that there is the integration of HIV and TB care in an effort to reduce the prevalence and incidence rates of the two conditions (Loveday Zweigenthal, 2011). This is true because when the two conditions are managed together, it is possible to control one or both through a sustained immune system. There is a need for more information as well as training concerning the possible methods of TB prevention on a regular basis in various health care departments. There also exists some programs for TB control which have been strengthened by the introduction of rifampicin therapies through the DOTS program (Karim et al., 2009). However, the strategic plans in place to control TB infections in South Africa all depend on the ability of the South African government to create sustainable partnerships in the improvement of health care services. References Grobler, L., Mehtar, S., Dheda, K., Adams, S., Babatunde, S., Walt, M., Osman, M. (2016). The epidemiology of tuberculosis in health care workers in South Africa: a systematic review. BMC health services research, 16(1), 416. Delogu, G., Sali, M., Fadda, G. (2013). The biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases, 5(1). Neyrolles, O., Hernndez-Pando, R., Pietri-Rouxel, F., Forns, P., Tailleux, L., Payn, J. A. B., ... Petit, C. (2006). Is adipose tissue a place for Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence?. PloS one, 1(1), e43. Hernandez-Pando, R., Jeyanathan, M., Mengistu, G., Aguilar, D., Orozco, H., Harboe, M., ... Bjune, G. (2000). Persistence of DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in superficially normal lung tissue during latent infection. The Lancet, 356(9248), 2133-2138. Karim, S. S. A., Churchyard, G. J., Karim, Q. A., Lawn, S. D. (2009). HIV infection and tuberculosis in South Africa: an urgent need to escalate the public health response. the Lancet, 374(9693), 921-933. Loveday, M., Zweigenthal, V. (2011). TB and HIV integration: obstacles and possible solutions to implementation in South Africa. Tropical Medicine International Health, 16(4), 431-438. Floyd K, Dias HM, Falzon D, et al. Global tuberculosis report: 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization. Rossouw H. World TB Day, 24 March 2012. 2012 [cited 17 May 2013]; Available from: https://www.westerncape.gov.za/news/world-tb-day-24-march-2012. Bhatt, N. B., Barau, C., Amin, A., Baudin, E., Meggi, B., Silva, C., ... Taburet, A. M. (2014). Pharmacokinetics of rifampin and isoniazid in tuberculosis-HIV-coinfected patients receiving nevirapine-or efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(6), 3182-3190. Cowan, J., Pandey, S., Filion, L. G., Angel, J. B., Kumar, A., Cameron, D. W. (2012). Comparison of interferon, interleukin (IL)?17?and IL?22?expressing CD4 T cells, IL?22?expressing granulocytes and proinflammatory cytokines during latent and active tuberculosis infection. Clinical Experimental Immunology, 167(2), 317-329. Mokhtar, K. S., Rahman, N. H. A. (2017). Urbanisation process and the prevalence of tuberculosis in Malaysia. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(3). Bassett, I. V., Coleman, S. M., Giddy, J., Bogart, L. M., Chaisson, C. E., Ross, D., ... Katz, J. N. (2016). Sizanani: a randomized trial of health system navigators to improve linkage to HIV and TB care in South Africa. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 73(2), 154. McCarthy, K. M., Scott, L. E., Gous, N., Tellie, M., Venter, W. D. F., Stevens, W. S., Van Rie, A. (2015). High incidence of latent tuberculous infection among South African health workers: an urgent call for action. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 19(6), 647-653. Tudor, C., Van der Walt, M., Margot, B., Dorman, S. E., Pan, W. K., Yenokyan, G., Farley, J. E. (2014). Tuberculosis among health care workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a retrospective cohort analysis. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 891. Samanovic, M. I., Darwin, K. H. (2016). Game of Somes: protein destruction for mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Trends in microbiology, 24(1), 26-34.